Low Doses of Psilocybin and Ketamine Enhance Motivation and Attention in Poor Performing Rats: Evidence for an Antidepressant Property.

A clearer pattern of ketamine effect was noted in the “low responder” subgroup (N = 23 rats) where main effects of treatment on lever press (F4,88 = 6.6, p < 0.01; ƞ p 2 = 0.23), break point (F4,88 = 8.9, p < 0.01; ƞ p 2 = 0.29) and session duration (F4,88 = 5.0, p = 0.01; ƞ p 2 = 0.19) reflected a clear trend, and in most cases statistically significant effect, of ketamine 1–3 mg/kg doses to increase each measure relative to vehicle pretreatment (see Figures 2A–C ).

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In this experiment there was a marginal trend for psilocybin to increase PREM and PSV responses (e.g.

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