Depression treatment response to ketamine: sex-specific role of interleukin-8, but not other inflammatory markers.

Lower baseline IL-8 was associated with more favorable antidepressant response to ketamine depending upon sex, although the interaction did not reach statistical significance (responder status × sex interaction: β = -0.36, p = 0.096), with evidence of an association in females (β = −0.41, p = 0.095, effect size (sr 2 ) = 0.16), but not males (β= −0.01, p = 0.96, effect size (sr 2 ) <0.01) (Fig. 1 ).

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