Environmental Risk Factors and Congenital Heart Disease: An Umbrella Review of 165 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses With More Than 120 Million Participants.

Evidence of excess significance bias—We applied the excess statistical significance test, which evaluates whether the observed (O) number of studies with nominally significant results (“positive” studies, P < 0.05) is larger than their expected (E) number ( 17 ).

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