Smoking and risk of COVID-19 hospitalization.

Respir Med · 2021 · PMC8052507 · PMID 33915414

Europe PMC DOI

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may be significantno p-value reported

Both variables may be significant confounders in the retrospective search for an association between smoking and severe COVID-19.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

During further analysis (adding BMI, previous inpatient hospitalizations and number of comorbidities), there was a trend towards increase in odds of hospitalization for former smokers compared to never smokers, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.86–1.29).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Here we found an increasing trend for the association between being a former-smoker and hospitalization from COVID-19, but it did not reach statistical significance.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.