In the studies included in this systematic review, levels of some mediators considered typical for chronic inflammation such as hsCRP [ 25 , 27 ], TNF-α [ 21 , 24 , 27 ], and IL-1 family [ 21 , 24 , 27 ], were higher in PMS cases compared to controls, but probably due to the small number of participants in some studies, the differences between groups did not reach statistical significance.
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Is Premenstrual Syndrome Associated with Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status? A Systematic Review of Case-Control and Cross-Sectional Studies.
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