Umeclidinium/Vilanterol Compared with Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol, Budesonide/Formoterol, and Tiotropium as Initial Maintenance Therapy in Patients with COPD Who Have High Costs and Comorbidities.

Differences between treatment groups in all-cause medical costs were directionally similar to those observed for COPD-related costs, with patients in the UMEC/VI cohorts incurring numerically lower all-cause medical costs compared with the FP/SAL, B/F and TIO cohorts, but did not reach statistical significance ( Table 2 ).

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