Combinatorial glucose, nicotinic acid and N-acetylcysteine therapy has synergistic effect in preclinical C. elegans and zebrafish models of mitochondrial complex I disease.

Wild-type (AB) zebrafish larvae showed a trend toward a 25% reduction in whole fish ATP level when exposed at 7 dpf to rotenone (with dead animals excluded prior to selection for biochemical analysis), which appeared to largely be prevented when larvae were pre-treated from 5 dpf with Glu + NA + NAC combinatorial therapy ( Fig. 6E ).

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