Surgical Outcomes for Upper Lumbar Disc Herniations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Global Spine J · 2021 · PMC8165931 · PMID 32744112

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1000

closest p · 2.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

a slight trend toward significanceP = .10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

33 - 35 Our meta-analysis shows that this evolving technique may appear to have inferior outcomes compared with conventional posterior approach with a slight trend toward significance favoring OLM with an OR of 0.50 (95% CI 0.21-1.16), and P = .10.

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trend toward significanceP = .10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Outcomes of PELD versus OLM yielded slight trend toward significance favoring OLM with an OR = 0.50 (95% CI0.21-1.16), P = .10.

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a trend toward significanceno p-value reported

Comparing results by levels revealed a trend toward significance of higher satisfaction for L3-4 vs.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

In asymptomatic individuals, flexion-extension x-rays have shown decreased angular motion at the upper lumbar levels with an increasing trend in the cranial-caudal direction. 39 Thus, it has been postulated that this decreased movement shields these levels from disc degeneration and facet-ligamentous hypertrophy. 3 , 66 Thus, pathogenesis of ULDH differ significantly from disc herniations at L4-5 and L5-S1.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Wu et al 13 reported a trend toward a higher rate of symptom recurrence requiring reoperation in the L1-3 group compared with the L3-4 group (16.7% vs 5.4%; P > .05), but this did not reach statistical significance.

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