Systemic Corticosteroid Administration in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis Incorporating Both Mild and Pulmonary Fibrosis-Manifested Severe Disease.

Evidence of Excess Significance Bias An excess significance test was conducted to investigate whether the observed number of studies (O) with nominally significant results ( p < 0.05, “positive” results) was larger than the expected number of significant results (E) ( Ioannidis and Trikalinos, 2007 ).

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