Measuring business-level expectations and uncertainty: survey evidence and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Jpn Econ Rev (Oxf) · 2021 · PMC8260330 · PMID 34248384

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only marginally significantno p-value reported

We find that firms that answered the survey after the escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic reduced their average expected sales from 2017 to 2020 relative to firms that answered before the escalation, although the estimated effect is only marginally significant.

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