nominally significantP=0.046
Mendelian randomization osteoarthritis dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate estradiol testosterone dihydrotestosterone Causal Association Between Sex Steroid Levels and OA by Sex The nominally significant results of IVW analyses showed that serum DHT level tended to have a causal effect on the risk of OA in women (OR=1.012, 95% CI: 1.000–1.025; P=0.046), while no relationship was observed between sex steroid levels and OA risk in men ( Figure 3 ).