Smoking accelerates renal cystic disease and worsens cardiac phenotype in Pkd1-deficient mice.

Our data also showed a nonsignificant trend of positive interaction between smoking and the Pkd1 flox/- : Nestin cre genotype, expressed as a higher numerical increase in cystic index induced by smoking in Pkd1 flox/- : Nestin cre than in Pkd1 flox/flox : Nestin cre mice (9.19 ± 5.01% to 28.65 ± 8.84% versus 4.29 ± 2.85% to 10.68 ± 11.70%; Fig. 2 b).

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Our data also showed a trend of an independent effect of smoking on increasing the left atrium diameter adjusted to BW (LA/BW) (Table 1 ).

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