Changes in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue phenotype following menopause is associated with increased visceral fat mass.

Visceral adipose tissue phenotype and estimated insulin sensitivity In VAT, increased HIF-1α and MCP-1 expression was associated with decreased estimated IS even after correcting for VAT mass (β = − 0.37, p = 0.01 and β = − 0.25, p = 0.03), whereas the associations between increased adipocyte size and PcF and estimated IS were only borderline significant after adjusting for VAT mass (β = − 0.14, p = 0.06 and β = − 0.36, p = 0.06) (Table 3 ).

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Even the calculated total number of adipocytes seemed to be 5–15% lower in the postmenopausal women, although this difference did not reach statistical significance.

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