α-Hydroxyisocaproic Acid Decreases Protein Synthesis but Attenuates TNFα/IFNγ Co-Exposure-Induced Protein Degradation and Myotube Atrophy via Suppression of iNOS and IL-6 in Murine C2C12 Myotube.

The phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), whose translation elongating activity is inhibited by excess phosphorylation [ 34 ], was apparently higher in the cells treated with HICA as compared to the vehicle treatment, but this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p < 0.1) ( Figure 2 A,F).

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