20-Year trend of high prevalence of zero coronary artery calcium in beach cities of Southern California: A blue zone?

A significant trend was observed for a decrease in the burden of cardiovascular risk factors, across time intervals in the last 20 years, in the Beach Cities compared to the other areas.

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Across the 20-year study period, there was a significant decline in prevalence of active smokers in Beach Cities compared to other cities, from 7% to 3%; P ​< ​0.0001 for trend, and a decreasing trend was also observed in rest of CA, from 9% to 5%, P ​< ​0.001).

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Across the 20-year time period, there was a trend towards significance, with increase in proportion of individuals with zero CAC in Beach Cities of California (36%–39%, p value 0.09), while the proportion of individuals with zero CAC in rest of California remained at 33%, (p value 0.41).

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