Contribution of Toll-Like Receptors and the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology.

36 However, when comparing mRNA levels within RA synovial tissue with OA samples, a strong trend towards increased TLR8 was observed but no difference was detected for TLR7. 35 Interestingly, RA patients carrying the M1V variant of TLR8 that induces lower cytokine levels upon TLR8 stimulation of monocytes exhibit a reduced disease severity. 82 In agreement with this, we have demonstrated that inhibition of endosomal TLRs and in particular inhibitors that target TLR8 can suppress spontaneous cytokine production from human RA synovial membrane cultures. 83–85 However, it is expression of TLR7 but not TLR8 in RA monocytes that is reported to be associated with DAS28 and TNF.

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