The 3-Year Effect of the Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Inflammatory Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease.

Participants following a long-term pattern with MDs showed significantly decreased plasma levels of MCP-1 ( p < 0.001, both), MIP-1β ( p < 0.031, both), ENA78 ( p < 0.001, both), IL-1β ( p < 0.025, both), IL-6 ( p < 0.013, both), IL-8 ( p < 0.025, both), IL-12p70 ( p = 0.022, MD-nuts), TNF-α ( p < 0.022, both), IFN-γ ( p < 0.040, both), and hs-CRP ( p < 0.018, both), while no significant changes were observed in these biomarkers in the LFD group ( p > 0.05), except for hs-CRP that showed a trend to reduction ( p = 0.063).

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However, in the adjusted model, the mRNA expression of CXCR2 and CXCR3 showed a slight trend of increase only in the control LFD ( p = 0.09).

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