Lag1–5 concentrations were on average lower than lag6–10 concentrations due to a decreasing trend in concentrations during the study period.
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Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution and black carbon in relation to natural and cause-specific mortality: a multicohort study in Sweden.
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The estimated increased risk of natural mortality associated with PM2.5-absorbance did not reach statistical significance. 4 In Denmark (areas of Copenhagen and Aarhus), BC was, however, associated with both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. 6 These previous studies varied in the method used for the exposure assessment of particle concentrations.
Using less detailed assessments of outdoor residential exposures, a meta-analysis of 22 cohorts within the ESCAPE project reported a borderline significant 4% (95% CI 0% to 9%) increased risk of natural-cause mortality for a 10 μg/m 3 difference in annual PM10 at the year of recruitment. 4 No association with PM10 was, however, observed for deaths in ischaemic heart disease or myocardial infarction, whereas a suggested association was found in relatio