Even though the carry-over effect is only marginally significant, we suggest a cautious interpretation of the treatment effect since the encouragement message did not affect students’ motivation before their second exam (0.101 + (-0.121) = -0.020, p = 0.703); the encouragement only affected students’ first exam and was not replicated in the second exam.
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Not just words! Effects of a light-touch randomized encouragement intervention on students' exam grades, self-efficacy, motivation, and test anxiety.
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