approached significancep = 0.056
Though maternal plasma concentrations increased with birth gestational age, we observed less variability in umbilical cord plasma concentrations, thus the maternal-umbilical cord plasma ratio also increased with birth CGA groups for lutein + zeaxanthin ( p = 0.008), β-cryptoxanthin ( p = 0.027), α-carotene ( p = 0.030); β-carotene approached significance ( p = 0.056).