Advances in pathogenesis and precision medicine for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

In a phase II clinical study focusing on head and neck cancer that enrolled seven NPC patients, sorafenib was well tolerated and showed a trend of longer time to progression, but this was not statistically significant. 298 The combination of sorafenib, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil was shown to be tolerable in 54 recurrent/metastatic NPC patients, but the contribution of sorafenib to the chemotherapy was not clear. 299 In a phase II trial of pazopanib in 33 patients with recurrent/metastatic NPC, the partial response rate was 6.1%, with the clinical benefit rate of 54.5%. 300 Sunitinib was assessed for its efficacy and safety in 14 pretreated recurrent/metastatic NPC patients.

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