Prognostic significance of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression on circulating tumor cells in various cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

When stratified for treatment, we found that PD‐L1 + CTCs detected by IF were associated with a better PFS (HR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.28–1.08, p = 0.084, Figure 2 ) for ICI treatment in a borderline significance, but a worse PFS for other therapies (HR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.21–2.85, p < 0.001, Figure 2 ).

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We further stratified the analysis for treatment and found that ICIs‐treated patients with PD‐L1 + CTCs seemed to have prolonged survival (PFS: HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.54–1.31, p = 0.442; OS: HR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.38–1.20, p = 0.184) although it did not reach statistical significance.

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