Closed-loop auditory stimulation method to modulate sleep slow waves and motor learning performance in rats.

Attempting speed (number of attempts per minute) also showed a decline from the first to the fifth bin in the down-phase-stimulated subjects, but failed to reach significance (RM-ANOVA, condition * bin interaction, F (2, 18) = 1.33, p=0.291, Figure 8c ).

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Increase in the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of attempts across M-T days (IRR/day) did not achieve significance for mock animals (n = 6; p IRR/day = 0.126), but revealed a tendency of growth in the up-phase-stimulated group (n = 7; †p IRR/day = 0.061) and a significant increase in the down-phase-stimulated group (n = 8; *p IRR/day = 0.014).

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On third day of motor training (M-T 3 ), 24 hr EEG power spectra in NREM exhibited increased delta activity in the up-phase-stimulated group ( Figure 4c ), whereas down-phase-stimulated animals showed a trend towards decreased delta-frequency activity ( Figure 4e ).

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