The instrument-based analyses generally showed that, during the past 100–150 years, a significant trend appears in the time series of extreme temperature indices at a single station or in a local area, but no significant trend occurred in those of extreme precipitation, though they included remarkable decadal to multi-decadal variabilities (Liang et al. 2009 ; Guo et al. 2011 ; Yu et al. 2020 ).
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