Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Microbiota of Human Gut and Its Direct Environment in a Household Cohort with High Background of Antibiotic Use.

Both the estimated richness (Chao1) ( Figure 3 a) and the phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s PD) ( Figure 3 c) were significantly lower in individuals who used antibiotics (two-sided Wilcoxon test, FDR q = 7 × 10 −3 and q = 1.7 × 10 −2 , respectively), whereas the microbial diversity as measured by the Shannon index did not reach statistical significance (two-sided Wilcoxon test, q = 8 × 10 −2 ) ( Figure 3 b).

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