Increased IL-6 expression precedes reliable viral detection in the rhesus macaque brain during acute SIV infection.

Each of the 3 brain regions showed a trend of decreasing quantities of CD3 + cells at 7 dpi followed by an increase in those cells at 14 dpi, and CD3 + cell numbers at 14 dpi were not significantly different from the numbers present in the negative control group or the numbers in the chronic infection group.

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The analysis of the macrophage cell population in the brain, adding the 3 brain regions, showed that in the perivascular location, the quantities of macrophages significantly increased at 14 dpi as compared with the control ( P = 0.0149), and an increasing trend was observed at 7 dpi ( Figure 9A ).

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