Assessment of clinical and radiographic outcomes following retrograde versus antegrade nailing of infraisthmic femoral shaft fractures without the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy in Tanzania.

At 1 year after surgery, 8% (n = 8) of the Retrograde Group and 17% (n = 7) of the Antegrade group were malaligned in the coronal plane, either immediately postoperatively or at 1 or more follow-up time point, though this difference did not reach statistical significance ( P = .105).

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