Gut microbiome affects the metabolism of metronidazole in mice through regulation of hepatic cytochromes P450 expression.

However the mouse data on the Cyp2a isoforms do not seem to explain the trend of increase in plasma metronidazole at 2 hours; in fact there was a clear trend of decrease in CYP2A enzyme activities to a greater extent in SPF mice than in GF mice (opposite to the expectations) at 2h.

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In SPF mice, on the other hand, there was an evident trend of increasing enzyme activity of CYP2B ( Fig 6C ) after 24 hours of metronidazole administration, which correlated with the increase of mRNA ( Fig 4C ) and protein expression ( Table 2 ) of CYP2B10.

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