Long-term breeding progress of yield, yield-related, and disease resistance traits in five cereal crops of German variety trials.

Fungicide applications showed a decreasing trend until about 2000 followed by increases especially after 2011, however, at different levels in the different crops.

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Herbicide application increased sharply in the first few years and then showed only a slightly increasing trend without much differentiation between crops.

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LDG occurred in all crops showing an increasing trend towards higher LDG in I1, whereas in I2 the trend was more or less decreasing.

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WTI showed a trend pattern for most diseases which was different from the other crops due to the gradual adaptation of wheat and rye diseases to WTI during the study period.

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