MicroDNA levels are dependent on MMEJ, repressed by c-NHEJ pathway, and stimulated by DNA damage.

Finally, two agents that directly cause DSB, Neocarzinostatin (NCS) and X-rays ( 20–22 ) increased microDNA abundance, while a third agent, Bleomycin increased the abundance though the result did not reach statistical significance (Figure 2E – G ).

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