Trajectories of verbal fluency and executive functions in multilingual and monolingual children and adults: A cross-sectional study.

The difference was highly significant for letter fluency skills ( p = .002) but not for semantic fluency ( p = .08).

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There was a statistical trend in the correlation between semantic fluency and accuracy in performing the Tower of London task ( p = .07).

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With regard to the adults, again monolingual and multilingual participants had comparable performance on all measures with the exception of nonverbal inhibitory control measured with the go/no-go task and response time on Tower of London trials, on which monolinguals showed a trend towards steeper decline with age.

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