Establishment of a miRNA profile in paediatric HIV-1 patients and its potential as a biomarker for effectiveness of the combined antiretroviral therapy.

23 of these miRNAs exhibited a positive trend with later initiation of cART; only four of them presented a negative trend, and seven miRNAs showed an irregular trend, with the group starting cART between 12 weeks and 1 year either being over or under the expression levels of the rest of the treatment groups (Fig. 1 ).

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In the group showing a positive trend, seven miRNAs started from the same or higher levels of expression as in the control group (miR-34b, miR-107, miR-202, miR-509-5p, miR-518e, miR-1247 and miR-1275), and 16 miRNAs presented an increasing trend starting below the expression levels of the control group (miR-151-5p, miR-301, miR-320b, miR-330, miR-335, miR-564, miR-571, miR-605, miR-625, miR-636, miR-1183, miR-1208, miR-1225-3p, miR-1227, miR-1233 and miR-1303) (Fig. 1 ).

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