A continent-wide high genetic load in African buffalo revealed by clines in the frequency of deleterious alleles, genetic hitchhiking and linkage disequilibrium.

Even when the fraction of coupled p-MDTA allele pairs at linked microsatellites in the buffalo genome linearly decreases from a value as high as 0.8 at 24.9°S to 0.5 (expected fraction in the absence of selection) at 4.8°N, the probability of observing a significant ( α = 0.05) or near-significant ( α = 0.1) difference in average latitude with a Student’s t -test between coupled and repulsed allele pairs was only 34% and 46%, respectively (60 r LD estimates from 24 locations using 50 randomizations).

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Linkage disequilibrium Four microsatellite pairs showed highly significant LD in both KNP and HiP [ 20 , 22 ].

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