Birth Experience, Postpartum PTSD and Depression before and during the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Russia.

While the increase in the instances of medical interventions without consent, threats and accusations, denial of pain relief, and use of Kristeller maneuver did not reach statistical significance ( p > 0.066), women reported significantly more experiences of verbal aggression and bullying when giving birth during the pandemic (Pearson Chi-square = 6.76, p = 0.009) and fewer instances of ignoring their needs during labor (Pearson Chi-square = 16.25, p < 0.001).

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While in the Russian birth culture, the most common situation was hospital birth without any assistance of the partner or birth doula, there was an increasing trend of having a support person during labor [ 12 ].

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