Changes in living arrangement showed a trend toward modifying the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms: In participants who reported a change in living arrangement due to COVID-19, increases in loneliness over time were associated with a mean 1.45-point increase in depressive symptoms versus a mean 0.99-point increase in those who did not report a change (interaction p value = .0005).
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Associations Between Changes in Loneliness and Social Connections, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Women's Health Initiative.
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