Antibiotic use differentially affects the risk of anti-drug antibody formation during anti-TNFα therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a report from the epi-IIRN.

A similar analysis with antibiotic use incorporated as continuous time dependent variables defined as total dispensations demonstrated a similar trend whereby total macrolide use seemed to reduce risk, but this analysis did not reach statistical significance (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.38 to 1.06 for each additional dispensation) ( table 2 ).

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