Holistic Resilience Index: measuring the expected country resilience to pandemic.

Qual Quant · 2022 · PMC8769791 · PMID 35075311

Europe PMC DOI

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a negative trendno p-value reported

Among under-performing countries, South Africa presents a strongly negative value with a negative trend in the period of observation.

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a positive trendno p-value reported

It may have two values: increasing (or positive ) for indicators we would like to have a positive trend or high value associated with; decreasing (or negative ) when we would like the value of the indicator decreasing or, in general, as low as possible.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.