Low CCR5 expression protects HIV-specific CD4+ T cells of elite controllers from viral entry.

Regarding surface proteins, the analysis revealed a highly significant increase of PD-1 ( p < 0.0001) expression in ART Tet+ compared to HIC Tet+ cells, suggesting that chronic antigenic stimulation and/or immune exhaustion persisted in the HIV-specific compartment of treated patients (Fig. 2b and Supplementary Fig. 2c ).

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10c ), specific AIM+ cells (CD69+ CD154+) showed a trend for higher CCR5 surface expression than non-specific AIM− cells (CD69- CD154-), consistent with MHC II tetramers results (Fig. 3c ).

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