Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus: overview of current knowledge.

13 All studies which considered disease activity as the main outcome (11 articles) found positive results, with more than 50% reduction in disease activity in most reports and a decrease in corticosteroid needs in three studies; 13 however, the risk of severe SLE flare was reduced only with borderline significance. 13 Also, the HCQ benefits as adjuvant therapy for LN was also confirmed. 13 The potential benefits upon accrual damage and survival were reported in a limited number of studies. 13 This systematic review was continued by another one using a similar methodology for the 2007–2012 period. 3 The authors reported further evidence thrombosis prevention, increased survival, control of disease activity, lipid profile improvement, and prevention of damage accrual 3 (see Supplemental Table 4 ).

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67 The endpoint considered, namely flare, subtype of flare, and hospitalization, were all improved under long-term HCQ therapy; however, the results did not reach statistical significance most probably due to the small sample size. 67 Other RCTs have also demonstrated improvement of arthralgia 14 even if without a significant impact over arthritis, 68 prevention of SLE flares and reduction of the corticosteroids dose, 14 improvement of lipid metabolism 69 with de

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