Oncolytic adenovirus decreases the proportion of TIM-3⁺ subset of tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells with correlation to improved survival in patients with cancer.

In this relatively small cohort, however, the imaging/marker responses did not reach statistical significance ( table 2 ), which may also in part reflect the reported difficulty of evaluating immunotherapy responses due to initial tumor swelling, that is, pseudo-progression, and accumulation of glucose-avid lymphocytes. 7 22 Taken together, decrease of the TIM-3 immune checkpoint on oncolytic adenovirus treatment was observed in 9 out of 15 patients, which was associated with significantly improved overall survival.

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