Gremlin-1 and BMP-4 Overexpressed in Osteoarthritis Drive an Osteochondral-Remodeling Program in Osteoblasts and Hypertrophic Chondrocytes.

Similarly, an upward trend for increased expression of Mmp-3 (2.0- and 3.0-fold respectively) was observed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in response to rmGREM-1, although it did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 4 A and Figure 5 A).

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