A Study on China's Tobacco Taxation and Its Influencing Factor on Economic Growth.

Front Psychol · 2022 · PMC8910603 · PMID 35282251

Europe PMC DOI

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a clear trendno p-value reported

If the variable graph shows a clear trend in one direction over time, then the variable can be identified as a test type containing both an intercept term and a time trend term.

also in 19,460 other papers

a definite trendno p-value reported

The changes in tax structure and macro tax burden during the sample observation period do not have a definite trend but fluctuate up and down.

also in 427 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.