Moderate Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnant Mice Results in Altered Sex-Specific Gene Expression in Brain of Young Mice and Embryos.

We also observed a significant decrease in methylation by FASD at 7 CpGs out of the 15 studied CpGs in a CpG island of the Syt2 promoter (CpG1: diet, p = 0.004; CpG2: diet, p = 0.016; CpG4: diet, p = 0.013; CpG5: diet, p < 0.001; CpG6: diet, p = 0.016; CpG7: diet, p = 0.002; CpG13: diet, p = 0.050) and a trend toward significance in 2 other CpGs (CpG8: diet, p = 0.056; CpG10: diet, p = 0.064) ( Figure 3 B and Figure S3B ).

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Significant or borderline significant overall dietary effects were observed in 9 out of 16 tested CpGs, with consistent decreases in methylation by FASD ( Figure 10 ).

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The expression of the two principal isoforms of Vegfa (proteins of 120 or 164 amino acids generated by alternative splicing; Figure 7 C,D) showed a trend toward a significant increase by FASD.

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