Temporal Trends in Tree Vitality There was a significant trend of increasing mean defoliation (DEF) by 0.39% annually over the study period ( Figure 1 ).
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Defoliation Change of European Beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) Depends on Previous Year Drought.
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The results reveal an increasing trend of DEF during the study period from 1996 to 2017.