moderately significantp < 0.005
After the mediating variables are included, learning engagement has a significant positive impact on the learning effect ( β = 0.390, t = 10.47, p < 0.01), and psychological atmosphere not only has a significant positive impact on the learning effect of students ( β = 0.201, t = 4.97, p < 0.001) but also has a moderately significant impact on learning engagement ( β = 0.168, t = 3.10, p < 0.005).