Airway mucins promote immunopathology in virus-exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Patients who experienced frequent exacerbations (those with a history of ≥2 exacerbations in the preceding year) had increased sputum MUC5AC concentrations at exacerbation presentation and at 2 weeks during exacerbation compared with patients whose exacerbations were infrequent (0 or 1 exacerbations in the preceding year), with a similar trend observed for MUC5B that did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 1, F and G ).

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We observed highly significant positive correlations between sputum MUC5AC concentrations and cellular airway inflammation (total cell counts and neutrophil counts, Figure 2E ) and between MUC5AC concentrations and concentrations of soluble mediators of inflammation, including CXCL8 (aka IL-8), CXCL10 (aka IP-10), IL-1, GM-CSF, IL-6, and TNF ( Figure 2E ).

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