Non-invasive sampling of water-borne hormones demonstrates individual consistency of the cortisol response to stress in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Overall, average water cortisol levels from the three initial stress tests significantly predicted whole-body cortisol levels when both sexes were combined in the model, but whereas the association was significant in males it did not quite reach statistical significance in females (full model: R 2 = 0.64, p < 0.001, males: R 2 = 0.52, p < 0.05, females: R 2 = 0.40, p = 0.09, Fig. 2 C).

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We show that whereas water-borne GCs predict whole-body GC production in male zebrafish, the association was weaker and did not reach statistical significance in females ( p = 0.09).

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