Prognostic impact of complete metastasectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of immuno-oncology-based combination therapies.

However, when subdividing the IO-based group, the subgroup of patients with first-line IO–IO combination showed a significant worsening of CSS compared to complete metastasectomy (HR 4.55, p = 0.005), while for first-line TKI–IO combination the median CSS was improved at 6.1 years, although the difference compared to complete metastasectomy did not reach statistical significance (HR 2.38, p = 0.25).

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Supplementally, median PFS, defined as time of first to second metastasis or tumor progression depending on first-line therapy, narrowly missed the significance level with IO-based therapy vs.

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