Assessment of Dynamic Changes in Stressed Volume and Venous Return during Hyperdynamic Septic Shock.

The main findings of the present analysis are: (1) the baseline Vs was estimated at 420 mL and decreased by 7% for each mmHg decrease in MAP during progression of septic shock; (2) we revealed a new physiological volume existing at Ptm ≈ 0, the Vr , which has important physiological significance and cannot be mobilized without the use of an external vasopressor or without decreasing arterial and/or venous resistance; (3) during septic shock, Pmca, P RA , R VR , and Eh significantly decreased with time, while PG VR also decreased but did not reach statistical significance; (4) fluid challenges (in total 30 mL·kg −1 ) did not improve systemic parameters or determinants of venous return, while the infusion of noradrenaline significantly improved hemodynamics except for CO, Eh, and R VR ; and (5) post-cardiac arrest Pmcf did not differ significantly from baseline Pmca, but the difference between pre-arrest Pmca and post-cardiac arrest Pmcf was statistically significant.

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