Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on In-Hospital Antibiotic Consumption and Antibiotic Resistance: A Time Series Analysis (2015-2021).

Antibiotics (Basel) · 2022 · PMC9219712 · PMID 35740232

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0620

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0620

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.062so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Considering Gram-positive bacteria, an increase in the level of BSIs due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and in the trend of CDIs were observed, though they did not reach statistical significance (CL: 0.72, 95% CI −0.039 to 1.48, p = 0.062; CT: 1.43, 95% CI −0.002 to 2.863, p = 0.051; respectively).

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Despite the extreme variability between regions, these data suggest a decreasing trend of co-infections due to community pathogens in contrast with an excess of MDROs responsible for COVID-19 superinfections that are probably related to increased relative rates of hospital-onset pathogen clusters [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.